MOLECULAR ACTIVITY AND OSTEOGENIC CELLULAR MATURATION
OF PREOSTEOBLAST CELLS BY USING NANO BOVINE
HYDROXYAPATITE IN ACCELERATION OF BONE REMODELING

Maria Apriliani Gani

Abnormalities in the development of bone tissue may cause disturbances in bone function which can interfere with bone physiological functions. Bone grafting is a surgical procedure used to attach certain materials to the defect site, which is useful for replacing tissue or accelerating bone healing. This study aims to prove the molecular mechanism of nanoBHA as a bone graft candidate for osteoblast maturation. In this research, nanoBHA was made using the wet ball milling method. The characterization of nanoBHA and the comparison materials was carried out with various instruments to confirm the particle size and other physical and chemical characteristics. In vitro studies were carried out to observe the molecular mechanisms of each material with preosteoblast cells. Preosteoblasts were treated not only with nanoBHA, but also with nanoHA, BHA, and HA under appropriate culture conditions. Activities traced to cells include viability, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The results showed that the wet ball milling method produced BHA nanoparticles with grain sizes of ~40 nm. Tests with preosteoblasts showed that nanoBHA is not toxic to preosteoblasts and could induce proliferation in preosteoblasts and mature osteoblasts. nanoBHA also caused accelerated cell differentiation based on preosteoblasts cell morphology, ALP enzyme expression, and genes expression of osteogenic differentiation markers. In addition, nanoBHA caused high calcium deposition andactivation of the ERK1/2. In conclusion, nanoBHA is an excellent material that inducesthe maturation of osteoblast cells. However, further study is needed to explore the membrane proteins involved in the known mechanisms and the effectiveness of nanoBHA on bone healing in vivo.

Keywords: Osteoblasts, nanomaterials, osteogenic differentiation, bone defects.